According to foreign media reports, OpenAI spent a total of $34 billion last year, of which $19 billion spent on research and development and $6 billion on sales and marketing. The company's revenue of last year was $13 billion, making its spending roughly 2.6 times its annual revenue. In addition, OpenAI recorded a net loss of $39 billion last year, a sharp increase from the previous year's $5 billion loss. However, the report noted that after excluding non‑cash accounting costs and stock‑based compensation expenses incurred during the company's recent governance restructuring, the actual loss was about $8 billion. The company is now preparing for an initial public offering (IPO) with a target valuation of over $1 trillion.